Interlocking shingle



M. a... HAMLIN INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Dec. 9, 1931 34 /LI 2/ 0 2/ i/ a w/ J a IZL INVENTOR Marafafl L. #0? //'/7 BY 7 1 7 X" J I ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 20, 1932 UNITED. STATES PATENT OFFICE MARSTON LOVELL HAMLIN, OF -LYNBROOK, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE BARRETT COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY nwrnnLooxme snmem Application filed December 9, 1931. Serial No. 579,884.

This invention relates to a roofing or siding element, and more particularly, to a shingle of the interlocking type.

It is an object of my invention to provide a shingle of the interlocking type wherein interlocking projections and slits or slots are formed within the border edges thereof, the individual shingles thus formed being adapted to be laid in courses with like shingles and locked therewith to present a continuous interlocked lower edge to the weather; the exposed portions of each shingle are thus secured against being lifted by the wind or otherwise displaced, and effective protection is thereby afl'orded against roof leakage with headlap less than would otherwise be required.

It is a further object of my invention to provide a shingle of the interlocking type having a slit and an interlocking rejection. in the forward edge thereofad acent the opposite transverse side edges of the shingle, both the slit and the projection lying within the edges defining the main outlines of the shingle, whereby the shingle may be locked with an adjacent shingle to form a continuous interlocked lower exposed edge to the weather without resort to protruding tongues, lugs or the like. Hence, the appearance and efficiency of the roof or other covering against the elements is maintained.

Other objects and advantages of my invention will appear from the following detailed description in which-- Fig. 1 represents a plan of a shingle embodying the principles of my invention wherein an interior projection is provided adjacent one side edge of the shingle and a slit adapted to lock with the projection of a like shingle in the same course is provided adjacent the opposite side edge;

Fig. 2 is a plan of a portion of a roof or other supporting structure illustrating the manner of laying the shingles in overlapping courses and in interlocking relation to provide a continuous interlocked lower edge for each course of shingles;

Fig. 3 represents a plan of a modified form I of shirgle embodying the principles of my invention, this shingle differing from the shingle of Fig. 1 chiefly in that a portion of the material adjacent the lower left-hand corner thereof is removed;

- Fig. 4 illustrates the interlock obtained bei tween the lower exposed edges of adjacent shinglesof the type shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a plan of a further modified form of shingle which is somewhat similar to the shingle of Fig. 5 with the exception that the locking projection formed is not of rectangular shape but is defined by slits, one of which is at an oblique angle to the forward edge of the shingle;

Fig. 8 illustrates the interlock obtained between the lower exposed edge of adjacent shingles of the type shown in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a plan of a further modified form of shingle resembling that of Fig. 7, except that a recess is provided adjacent the lower left-hand corner of the element analogous to the recess formed in the shingle of Fig. 3;

Fig. 10 illustrates the interlock obtained between the lower exposed edges of adjacent shingles of the type shown in Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a plan of a further modified form of shingle which is somewhat similar to the shingle of Fig. 1 with the exception that the locking projection formed is not of rectangu lar shape but is defined by slits, one of which is at an oblique angle to the forward edge of the shingle; and c Fig. 12 illustrates the interlock obtained between the lower exposed edges of adjacent shingles of the type shown in Fig. 11.

In Fig. '1, wherein a preferred embodiment of my invention is shown, reference numeral 21 indicates a main body portion of a shingle of general rectangular shape, the hodv of the shingle being defined by longitudinal edges 22 and 23 and transverse side to engage and lock with a projection 27 formed adjacent the non-homologous transverse edge 25 of a like shingle 20 of the same course and in the forward longitudinal edge 23 thereof. The projection 27 is defined by 5 a slit 28 leading into the forward edge 23 of the shingle 20, preferably at right angles thereto and adjacent to and spaced from the transverse edge 25. An interior slit 29 is formed within the body of the shingle 20 parallel to and spaced from the forward longitudinal edge 23, the slit 29 intersecting the slit .28 at its innermost point and forming a continuation thereof at right angles thereto.

The shingle of Fig. l is adapted to be laid in overlapping relatlon with like shingles in overlapping courses upon a roof or other supporting structure, as shown in Fig. 2. In laying, the non-homologous side edges of each shingle are placed in adjacent relation, i. e., the side edge of a shingle A in Fig. 2 is laced adjacent the side edge 24 of shingle which is first nailed, preferably in the lower right hand corner as indicated by the reference numeral 30. This nail passes through the upper edge of the underlying shingle C and is covered by the lower left hand corner of shin le A. The projection 27 of shingle A is exed or bent inwardly and shingle A moved to the left towards and partly over shingle B; projection 27 being directed to enter slit 26. Upon movement of shingle A to the left, projection 27 of shingle A underlies the portion of the body of shingle B to the left of slit 26 owing to the presence of slit 29. The side edge 24 of shingle B passes under the side edge 25 of shin le A; while the pro'ection 27 of shingle A ies on the under si e of the interlocked shingle 40 joint, the tab portion 31 .of shingle A along with the adjacent side edge 25 is exposed to view. By this method of laying, the forward longitudinal edges ofeach shingle are locked down securely upon the roof or other supporting structure and constitute a contmuous lower edge in each course of shingles which prevents displacement and resists the action of wind and rain in tending to work under the forward exposed edges of the shingles.

It will be noted that the width of the tab 31 depending from shingle 20 and located between the sllt 28 and the adjacent side edge 25 of the shingle is substantially equal to the distance between the slit 26 and its adjacent side edge 24. This disposition of the tab 31 and the slit 26 locates the interlocked joint of the projection 27 and the slit 26 of the adjacent shingles A and B between their side edges 25 and 24, respectively, so that the .joint is spaced between and awa from the adjacent side edges and opportunity for the entrance of wind and rain under the shingles is much less than if the joint were located immediately adjacent one of the overlapping 65 side edges.

In Fig. 3, I have shown a modified form of the shingle shown in Fi 1, the portion of the shingle which in Fig. 1 forms the tab 31 being removed to form a recess 32. The shingle of Fig. 3 is laid in the same manner as shown in connection with the shingle of Fig. 1, except that the tab portion 31 which is exposed to view in the courses of shingles shown in Fig. 2 is not present in the courses of the shingles composed of the shingles of Fig. 3. For instance, as shown in Fig. 4, the projection 27 of one shingle is bent inwardly and passed through the slit 26 of an ad acent shingle, the recess 32 being exposed to view in lBi eu of the tab portion 31 shown exposed in The shingle of Fig. 5, while resembling the shingles of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 in general appearance, difiers therefrom in its interlocking features. A slit 33 is formed in the forward longitudinal edge 34 adjacent one transverse side edge of the shingle, similar to the slit 26 of the previously described shingles. A. slit 35 is formed in the forward longitudinal edge 34 leading into said edge at right angles thereto. A slit 36 is formed within the body of the shingle and leads from the inner end of slit 35 toward the adjacent side edge of the shingle to a point spaced therefrom, thus defining with slit 35, a projection 37. In laying and locking this type of shingle with adjacent like shin les, the non-homologous side edges of each s ingle are overlapped and the rojection 37 of the shingle to the right in ig. 6 is bent inwardly. The shingle having the projection 37 is moved toward the right relative to the adjacent shingle, the side edge of the shingle having the slit 33 being under the side edge of the adjacent shingle. The 'projection 37 of one shingle being bent inwardly, passes through the slit 33 of the adjacent shingle so that it lies on the underside of the interlocked shingle joint. When a series of such shingles are thus interlocked to form a course of shingles, the lower edgeof the course constitutes a continuous interlocked edge which is highly resistant to the action of the elements.

It will be noted that this manner of laying closely resembles the manner of laying the shingle of Fig. 1, except that in laying and interlocking the shingle of Fig. 1, the adjacent shingle having the interlocking projection is moved to the left, whereas in the method of laying the shingle of Fig. 5, the corresponding adjacent shingle is moved to the right. In the shingle of Fig. 5, the end of the projection 37 adjacent the slit 35 is advantageously spaced from the adjacent transverse edge a distance substantially equal to the distance between the slit 33 and its adjacent side edge. Thus, when adjacent like shingles are laid in interlocked relation as shown in Fig. 6, the slit 35 and the slit 33 will be equally spaced, respectively, from the equal totwice the spacing distance between the corresponding slits 28 and 26 of the shingle of Fig. 1 from its side edges. This relationship is desirable to secure the same amount of overlap in both cases and the proper protection of the interlocked joint since the projection 27 of the shingle of Fig. 1 faces toward its adjacent side edge, whereas the corresponding projection 37 of the shingle of Fig. 5 facesaway from its adjacent side edge, and the same spacing in each shingle would not give the desired relationship between the overlapping side edges and the in terlocked joint.

In Fig. 7, I have shown a further modification of a shingle embodying the principles of my invention. A slit 38 is formed leading into the lower longitudinal edge '39 of the shingle adjacent a transverse side edge 41. A second slit 42 is also formed in the edge 39 but at an acute angle to the edge portion to the right of slit 42. An interior slit 43 is pro- Vided in the body of the shingle leading from the inner or closed end of slit 42 toward the adjacent side edge 44 to a point spaced therefrom. This peculiar slitting arrangement provides a projection 45 which is adapted to lock with the slit 38 of an adjacent shingle. as shown in Fig. 8 and a tab 46 which over laps the interlocked joint. In looking shingles of this type. they are overlapped adjacent their side edges, the projection 45 of the shingle shown to the right of Fig. 8 being flexed or bent inwardly and passed through the slit 38 of the contiguous shingle and the midway between the side edges 44 and 41 of adjacent shingles so that the joint receives the maximum protection from the weather.

Ing'Fig. 9, I have shown a shingle which closely resembles that of Fig. 7 with the ex ception that the slit 43 is extended to the side edge 44 and the projection 45 is eliminated.

In locking this shingle w th an adjacent like shingle, the tab 46 is bent inwardly and passed through the slit 38 and is engaged thereby. This arrangement provides a secure joint for adjacent shingles and insures In Fig. 11, I have shown a shingle which generally resembles that of Fig. 7 with the exception that the projection 47, defined by a slit 48 formed in, and at an obtuse angle to, the forward edge of the shingle to the right of slit 48, and a slit 49 extending in a direction parallel to the same forward edge and from the interior end of the slit 48 toward the inner portion of the shingle, extends toward the adjacent side edge of the shingle instead of away from the adjacent side edge as does the projection 45 of the shingle of Fig. 7. The slit 51. provided in the lower forward edge of the-shingle of Fig. 11, is spaced from the adjacent s de edge of the shingle a distance substantially equal to one-half the distance between the slit 38 and its adjacent side edge 41 of the shingle of Fig. 7. This spacing distance functions in the laying of the shingle in a manner that will be evident from the following description.

In laying, the non-homologous side edges of two adjacent shingles are placed in adjacent relation with the forward edges thereof in alignment. The projection 47 of the shingle to the right in Fig. 12 is bent inwardlv and the entire shingle moved to the left with respect to the adjacent sh ngle. The projection 47 of the shingle to the right passes through the slit 51 of the shingle to the leftso that it lies on the under side of the interlocked joint. The side edge of the shingle to the right overlaps the side edge of the shingle to the left. Froman inspection of Fig. 12. itwill be noted that the spacing of the slit 51 and the projection 47 from their respective adjacent side edges is such that the interlocked joint lies midway between the side edges of two overlapped adjacent shingles wherein it receives the maximum protection from the elements.

The shingles of my invent on may be composed of various materials. but they are preferably formed from a felt or fibrous base saturated or otherwise impregnated with bituminous material and subsequently surfaced with granular material. The fibrous base is,

preferably manufactured in the shape of a long continuous web having parallel sides and of a width equal to the w dth of a number of shingles so that the rectangular shaped shingles may be cut therefrom with out waste.

My shingle may be made in various colors or in one color. or the shingles may be surfaced partly with material of one color and partly with material of a second color. thus producing a pleasing vari-colored effect when laid.

From the above descript on. it is evident that my shingle is possessed of many advantages. Projecting keys. tongues. appendages, and the like depending from the body portion of the shingle and extending .without properties.

It will be further noted that nailing of the shingles in courses at the points indicated on Fig. 2 results in secure fastening of the shingles to the roof deck, utilizing but one nail for each shingle. This nail passes through the lower right corner of the shingle and also through the upper edge of the underlying clement. vHence, the lower right corner of each shingle and the upper edge of an underlying shingle are secured in position by one and the same nail. lhe lower left corner is locked downby the interlock between the in- 5 terlocking means in the overlapping corners of contiguous elements in the same course hereinabove described.

From the foregoing, .the embodiments of my invention will be fully understood, but it is to be understood that the invention is not restricted to the present disclosure to any extent otherwise than restricted by the manner in which such invention is claimed.

I claim:

1. A flexible shingle having a locking slit within the border edges thereof spaced from one transverse edge and leadin into the forward edge of said shingle, a pro ection spaced from the opposite transverse edge, one side of which is defined by a slit leading into said forward edge, said shingle being adapted to be laid in courses with other like shingles with the projection of one shingle locking with the slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course.

2. A flexible shingle adapted toBe laid in overlapping relation in courses with other like shingles, said shingle comprising a locking slit spaced from, but adjacent to, one transverse edge of said shingle and located in the vicinity of the forward edge thereof, an interlocking projection spaced from the opposite transverse edge and located in the neighborhood of the forward edge of said shingle, the projection of one shingle interlocking with the interlocking slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course when laid, and the projection and slit being spaced from the transverse edges so that the projection of one shingle and the slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course lie between the overlapping edges of the overlapping shingles in the same course.

3. A shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid and locked with other like shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and provided with slits spaced from and in the neighborhood of the opposite transverse side edges leading into the forward edge thereof, one of said slits defining a projection which is arranged to lock with a slit near the opposite transverse side edge of an adjacent shingle in the same course to form a continuous interlocking lower edge.

4. A shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid and locked with other like shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and provided with a slit leading into the forward edge thereof adjacent one transverse side edge, a second slit leading into the forward edge thereof adjacent the opposite transverse side edge, an interior slit in the body of the shingle leading into said second slit at an angle thereto, said second slit and said interior slit defining a projection which is arranged to lock with the first mentioned slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course.

5. A shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid and locked with other like shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and provided with a slit leading into the forward edge thereof at right angles to said forward edge and adjacent one transverse edge, a

second slit leading into said forward edge adjacent the opposite transverse edge, said second slit being extended at right angles to its original line of direction toward the interior of the shingle and away from the adjacent transverse edge, said second slit defining a projection which is arranged to lock with the first mentioned slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course.

6. A shingle of the felt base ty e adapted to be laid and locked with other 1i e shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and provided with a slit leading into the forward edge thereof at right angles to said forward edge adjacent one transverse edge, a' second slit leading into said forward edge at right angles thereto and adjacent the opposite transverse side edge, said second slit being extended at right angles to its original line of direction toward the adjacent transverse side edge, said second slit defining a projection which is arranged to lock with the first slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course.

7. A shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid and locked with other like shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and pro.-

lock with the first mentioned slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course.

8. A flexible shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid in overlapping relation in courses with other like shingles, said shingle comprising a locking slit spaced from, but adjacent, one transverse side edge and leading into the forward edge of said shingle, an interlocking projection defined by a slit spaced from the opposite transverse side edges of the shingle and having one end leading into the forward edge of the shingle, the other end being extended towards the interior portion of said shingle, the projection of one shingle being adapted to pass into the slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course edge and away from the interior ofthe shingle at an acute angle to its original line of direction, said second slit defining a projec: tion arranged to lock with the first-mentioned slit of an adjacent shingle to form a continuous interlocking lower edge.

In witness whereof, I- hereunto :aifixmyf signature.

MARSTON LOVELL when the first shingle is moved toward the left with respect to the second shingle, the slit defining the projection and the interlocking slit of each shingle being spaced approximately equal distances from their respective adjacent transverse side edges whereby when adjacent shingles are interlocked, the slits forming the interlocking joint"'will lie approximately midway between the overlapping transverse side edges of the adjacent shingles.

9. A flexible shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid in overlapping relation in courses with other like shingles, said shingle comprising a locking slit spaced from but adjacent to one transverse side edge and leading into the forward .edge of said shingle, an interlocking projection defined by a slit spaced from the opposite transverse side edge of the shingle and having one end leading into the forward edge of the shingle, the other end being extended toward the adjacent transverse side edge, the projection of one shingle being adapted to pass into the slit of an adjacent shingle in the same course when the first shingle is moved toward the right with respect to the second shingle, the slit defining the projection and the interlocking slit of each shingle being spaced approximately equal distances from their respective adjacent transverse side edges whereby when adjacent shingles are interlocked, the slits forming the interlocking joint will lie approximately midway between the overlapping transverse side edges of the adjacent shingle.

v 10. A shingle of the felt base type adapted to be laid and locked with other like shingles in courses to form in each course a continuous lower edge exposed to the weather and provided with a slit leading into the forward edge thereof at right angles thereto and adj acent one transverse side edge, a second slit leading into said forward edge at an oblique angle thereto and adjacent the opposite transverse side edge, said second slit being extended toward the adjacent transverse side 

